Unit 1, the Business Environment, P1

FedEx Corporation is an American worldwide dispatch conveyance administration. It works under an open constrained proprietorship as a tertiary business. An open restricted organization (PLC) implies it can offer offers to people in general. The proprietors of these PLC’s are the principle investors. A tertiary business is one that offers an assistance to different business or people. Government Express (later known as FedEx) was built up in 1973. After ten years, the organization comes to $1bn in income †the principal US business to accomplish this status without merger or obtaining. Administrations stretch out to Europe and the Middle East before the finish of 1989.Between 1991 and 1999 FedEx dispatches: Express Freighterâ ® to give for the time being conveyance to Europe and Asia, FedEx Ship Managerâ ® †first organization to permit clients to process shipments on the web and FedEx EuroOne ®, opening another center in Paris. In 2000, FedEx got known as â€Å"Fe dEx Corporation†. Administrations are separated into various organizations that work freely yet contend aggregately. During 2008, FedEx Corp positions ninth in the business superbrands list. In 2010, the organization opened a fresh out of the box new center point in Cologne air terminal, the biggest sunlight based controlled center point around the world. FedEx Corporation’s income during 2011 was in abundance of $39. 3bn.FedEx has one principle key movement and that is to convey products around the globe. FedEx express is a short-term messenger, giving following day air administration. FedEx Ground gives a way to-entryway conveyance administration. FedEx Freight offers a support which conveys a lot of cargo to goals where it is then moved by FedEx Ground. FedEx Office gives a retail outlet to delivery, printing, replicating and restricting administrations. During a normal day different divisions inside FedEx Corp cooperate to guarantee a phenomenal help is conveyed to clients. The showcasing office strives to guarantee individuals think about them.They particularly target independent companies that are needing proficient associations at far away places. They additionally target international safe havens and administrative establishments †in spite of the fact that their principle clients are organizations/governments they invite any individual who needs a delivery administration. Showcasing needs FedEx to be the quickest of dispatch conveyance organizations, thus publicizes this to lure clients †however it needs to ensure this is being met by the different offices inside the organization. The numerous dissemination revolves the world over arrangement with products the clients want.Here they are conveyed from the makers, prepared, bundled and afterward sent on the right cargo vehicle or cargo plane. When this first excursion has been finished, the products will arrive at a center, where it is then arranged and moved onto littler conveyanc e vehicles that convey to a particular zone. When the bundle is gotten, the client signs and it is put away electronically so FedEx realizes they have conveyed the bundle. The company’s site has an electronic following framework where clients can enter a code and track the specific area of their merchandise and the substance of their goods.Also on their site they advance themselves through advertising. FedEx Corp is a developing organization and routinely selects new workers †this is met by the HR division at different bases on the world †they enlist an entire scope of staff from pilots to conveyance vehicle drivers. Alongside this their gear whether it be plane of van/lorry needs keeping up and fixing, so FedEx have their own support division. The entire reason for this is to make a benefit so FedEx Corp can extend and keep on conveying a phenomenal, on-time administration. Aldi Ltd is a worldwide rebate market chain.It works under a private restricted proprietorsh ip as an auxiliary and tertiary business. A private restricted organization implies it is claimed by people or investors with benefit as the significant main thrust. An optional business produces products, for instance Aldi own-image squeezed orange is delivered by an auxiliary organization for Aldi. This is then conveyed to Aldi and offered to clients. This is a tertiary business †a business which sells the completed item. Aldi first store was opened in 1913, and was a very famous p[lace to shop in the German town of Essen. During the 40s a development program was made and more stores were opened.A festivity was held in 1954 for the opening of the 50th store. By 1960 Aldi had developed to a system of more than 300 stores; Aldi was then isolated into Aldi Nord and Aldi Sud. During the 1960s, Aldi turned into the primary organization in Germany to receive oneself assistance idea. During 1983, Aldi began chilled dissemination stops and sol new items, for example, cheddar, yogurt and hotdogs. Solidified items came in 1998 and were firmly trailed by new meat. Today, Aldi is a quickly developing organization with in excess of 9,000 stores across 3 landmasses, serving a large number of individuals. Aldi has numerous everyday activities.Aldi spend a great deal of cash on showcasing to tell clients of the quality items at low costs. During 2011 more than 1 million clients changed from their standard British grocery store to their German adversary because of the ease items †this was essentially accomplished by advertising. In the UK, TV adverts were acquainted with advise clients regarding their items. Every week a handout is created illuminating regarding the arrangements to come the next week. There are different dissemination bases on nations which Aldi work in. Aldi has a â€Å"delivered new regular policy†, and every day lorry heaps of new merchandise are conveyed to each store around the globe.Aldi have a little site which gives clients data of m ost recent item bargains and up and coming â€Å"special buys†. Aldi have their own versatile application giving comparative data as their site. Aldi don't normally select principle laborers †it is their standard to have least specialists. At the point when laborers are enrolled the HR division would deal with this. Cleaners are utilized by Aldi to deal with their stores subsequent to shutting time. Aldi’s intention is to give a minimal effort quality item administration as a store. The fundamental point is to make benefit.

Islam and Women free essay sample

In the event that a lady is hitched and her significant other is tightfisted, the spouse has the privilege to take of her husband’s property without his assent, to fulfill her own and her family’s sensible requirements. Additionally, in the event that a lady was serenely kept up as a girl, at that point as a spouse, she is qualified for the equivalent monetary way of life if her significant other can manage the cost of it. Business Islam gives the lady a similar work rights as men, inasmuch as her significant job as a mother and a spouse isn't ignored. The sacrosanct job of a spouse and mother is vital and irreplaceable to society. Without her, the group of people yet to come would do not have the solid good inner voice that is required for the achievement and security of any individual and network. Polished skill, difficult work, and cherishing responsibility are the common abilities that a lady as a mother, grants. Be that as it may, Muslim ladies are allowed to seek after work in the event that they can, and with the understanding of their spouses whenever wedded. We will compose a custom article test on Islam and Women or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page History is observer to Muslim women’s commitment to civilisation in different callings, for example, educating, medication and different fields. Legacy Islam gives the lady the privilege of legacy while in certain societies, ladies were viewed as themselves articles to be acquired! The lady is assigned a portion of legacy and this is hers to hold and deal with nobody can make a case for it, including her dad or her significant other. Allah says: â€Å"Unto men [of the family] has a place a portion of that which guardians and close to related leave, and unto ladies a portion of that which guardians and close to related leave, regardless of whether it be a little or much a decided offer. † (Ouran 4:7) Generally, (yet not forever), her offer is one a large portion of the man’s share. The lady is her own â€Å"manageress† in Islam; in releasing her obligations, she completely appreciates the incidental advantages that her position offers while her autonomous choices and obligations are responsible to Allah. To be sure, since the beginning, the honesty, celibacy and maternal job of Muslim ladies has pulled in esteem from even the most unbiased onlookers. For it is just Islam that covers the lady with the robe of unobtrusiveness and crowns her with the hat of immaculateness, furnishing her with the one of a kind chance to contribute easily to society. What Grace and Mercy the Beneficent showers upon the lady! For each euphoria experienced and each exertion made, energetically and affectionately on the Path of Allah’s Pleasure, the lady, similarly as the man, gets a similar decent news of the bliss and joys, that are ever-spilling out of Allah. â€Å"Whoever works honorableness, man or lady, and has confidence, verily to him We will give another life, a real existence that is acceptable and unadulterated and We will present on such, prize as per the best of their activities. † (Qur’an 16:97)

Lets Take a Walk

Let’s Take a Walk Orientation is about to arrive and all of a sudden MIT will be flooded with eager beavers that want to eat free food, stay up late, and maybe even meet some new friends. Orientation is just like CPW all over again, only better, because now you have all your stuff here, can do laundry, and have a place to sleep. Youll actually be living here and will be able to do whatever you want. Awesome, eh? Well, I thought Id take a walk through campus and show you some of the things you may run into. I only have a half hour left of battery so this cant really be the liveblog I intended it to be, but Ill throw up the first location on my journey and then post the rest tonight, so come back! First, Statas newest (and, frankly, strangest) exhibit. I like to call it the Four person naked house but its real name is Tuesday. Mine makes more sense. If you read the description youll see why I called it that. The PDF is just about 1.8 Mb and is totally worth it if you have dial-up, go for it! Im scared to sit in this house just because I know whats been in there, so Im going to move on now and take some pictures of some other things. They should be posted by 10 PM EST tonight. If not, well, Im going to be tired at work tomorrow. As I left the Stata Center I noticed two things. Thing number one: Prefrosh had been there. How could I tell? I saw this on the board: If it had been an MIT student, well, it would have been the kind of math that causes a ringing in your ears and then makes you want to beat your head against the wall. The Pythagorean Theorem, however, is nice and pretty. Thing Two: A giant paper butterfly! Outside now, I wandered over to the site of the new Media Lab extension. Theyve started putting the glass in now, its looking pretty epic (yes, Im one of those people that says epic a lot). Trekking down Memorial Drive, away from East Campus and towards the Harvard Bridge, I spotted the Green Building and what almost looked like a giant game of Connect 4. Walker Memorial was next, but there was a fence around the entrance. Peering through the fence I caught a glimpse of the brand new stairs they just installed. Farther and farther towards the Harvard bridge I went and before I knew it I was at Killian Court. Postcard picture moment! Onward still and I made it to the Harvard Bridge, with an excellent view of the Boston skyline. I made it halfway away from Hell shortly thereafter, taking the opportunity to look back on campus, darker now. Down Mass Ave, left on Newbury Street, and soon I was at Newbury Comics, my new all time favorite store. Where I picked up a copy of: Back to MIT I headed, stopping in Lobby Seven so I could point out some things. See these big silver things? One of them has a mirror on it. Can you guess why? Up to the third floor and into building nine I headed. Exploring the twisty series of hallways I came upon a dead end. The coyote must have discovered it too. Then it was time to head back. Now Im sitting in my room, typing, getting to read a little bit and then head to bed. Its 9:59 now, Ill hit the submit button and itll be exactly 10 PM. Goodnight all!

Slavery and Identity Among the Cherokee

The institution of slavery in the United States long pre-dates the African slave trade. But by the late 1700’s the practice of slaveholding by southern Indian nations—the Cherokee in particular—had taken hold as their interactions with Euro-Americans increased. Today’s Cherokee still grapple with the troubling legacy of slavery in their nation with the Freedman dispute. Scholarship on slavery in the Cherokee nation typically focuses on analyzing the circumstances that help to explain it, often describing a less brutal form of slavery (an idea some scholars debate). Nevertheless, the practice of African slaveholding forever changed the way Cherokees view race which they continue to reconcile today. The Roots of Slavery in the Cherokee Nation The slave trade on US soil has its roots in the arrival of the first Europeans who developed an extensive transatlantic business in the trafficking of Indians. Indian slavery would last well into the mid-to-late 1700s before it was outlawed, by which time the African slave trade was well established. Until that time, the Cherokee had a long history of being subject to capture and then exported to foreign lands as slaves. But while the Cherokee, like many Indian tribes who also had histories of inter-tribal raiding which sometimes included the taking of captives who could be killed, traded, or eventually adopted into the tribe, the continual incursion of European immigrants into their lands would expose them to foreign ideas of racial hierarchies that reinforced the idea of black inferiority. In 1730 a dubious delegation of Cherokee signed a treaty with the British (the Treaty of Dover) committing them to return runaway slaves (for which they would be rewarded), the first â€Å"official† act of complicity in the African slave trade. However, an apparent sense of ambivalence toward the treaty would manifest among the Cherokee who sometimes aided runaways, kept them for themselves, or adopted them. Scholars like Tiya Miles note that Cherokees valued slaves not just for their labor, but also for their intellectual skills like their knowledge of English and Euro-American customs, and sometimes married them. Influence of Euro-American Slavery One significant influence on the Cherokee to adopt slavery came at the behest of the United States government. After the Americans’ defeat of the British (with whom the Cherokee sided), the Cherokee signed the Treaty of Holston in 1791 which called for Cherokee to adopt a sedentary farming and ranching-based life, with the US agreeing to supply them with the â€Å"implements of husbandry.† The idea was in keeping with George Washington’s desire to assimilate Indians into white culture rather than exterminate them, but inherent in this new way of life, particularly in the South, was the practice of slaveholding. In general, slaveholding in the Cherokee nation was limited to a wealthy minority of mixed-blood Euro-Cherokees (although some full blood Cherokees did own slaves). Records indicate that the proportion of Cherokee slave owners was slightly higher than white southerners, 7.4% and 5% respectively. Oral history narratives from the 1930s indicate that slaves were often treated with greater mercy by Cherokee slave owners. This is reinforced by the records of an early Indian agent of the US government who, after advising that the Cherokee take up slave owning in 1796 as part of their â€Å"civilizing† process, found them to be lacking in their ability to work their slaves hard enough. Other records, on the other hand, reveal that Cherokee slave owners could be just as brutal as their white southern counterparts. Slavery in any form was resisted, but the cruelty of Cherokee slave owners like the notorious Joseph Vann would contribute to uprisings like the Cherokee Slave Revolt of 184 2. Complicated Relations and Identities The history of Cherokee slavery points to the ways relationships between slaves and their Cherokee owners were not always clear cut relationships of domination and subjugation. The Cherokee, like the Seminole, Chickasaw, Creek and Choctaw came to be known as the â€Å"Five Civilized Tribes† because of their willingness to adopt the ways of white culture (like slavery). Motivated by the effort to protect their lands, only to be betrayed with their forced removal by the US government, removal subjected African slaves of the Cherokee to the additional trauma of yet another dislocation. Those who were the product of mixed parentage would straddle a complex and fine line between an identity of Indian or black which could mean the difference between freedom and bondage. But even freedom would mean persecution of the type experienced by Indians who were losing their lands and cultures, coupled with the social stigma of being â€Å"mulatto.† The story of the Cherokee warrior and slave owner Shoe Boots and his family exemplifies these struggles. Shoe Boots, a prosperous Cherokee landowner, acquired a slave named Dolly around the turn of the 18th century, with whom he had an intimate relationship and three children. Because the children were born to a slave and children by white law followed the condition of the mother, the children were considered slaves until Shoe Boots was able to have them emancipated by the Cherokee nation. After his death, however, they would later be captured and forced into servitude, and even after a sister was able to secure their freedom, they would experience further disruption when they along with thousands of other Cherokees would be pushed out of their country on the Trail of Tears. The descendants of Shoe Boots would find themselves at the crossroads of identity not only as Freedman denied the benefits of citizenship in the Cherokee nation, but as people who have at times denied their black ness in favor of their Indianness. Sources Miles, Tiya. Ties That Bind: The Story of an Afro-Cherokee Family in Slavery and Freedom. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.Miles, Tiya. â€Å"The Narrative of Nancy, A Cherokee Woman.† Frontiers: A Journal of Women’s Studies. Vol. 29, Nos. 2 3., pp. 59-80.Naylor, Celia. African Cherokees in Indian Territory: From Chattel to Citizens. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.

Essay about Beowulf Battles The Death of Comitatus

In the epic poem of Beowulf, written by an unknown monk in about 725 AD, the Anglo-Saxon virtue of comitatus is displayed as a slowly dying aspect of life. Comitatus is the basic idea that everyone protects the king at all costs even if it means a warrior giving up his own life, and if a king is killed, the warriors must avenge the death of the king or they can no longer serve as warriors for the next king. This value of comitatus is displayed mostly through the three battles that Beowulf encounters during the epic poem. An analysis of the three battles is important because Beowulf’s choice of weapons, behavior of the Thanes, and preparation for and attitude toward battle all emphasize the death of the Anglo-Saxon virtue of†¦show more content†¦1459-1463). This shows Beowulf’s acceptance of the Hrunting sword and his realization that he is not as strong as he used to be so he shall use weapons in his fight against Grendel’s mother. In the battle that Beo wulf encountered with the dragon, many weapons are used and the value of comitatus is dead. The narrator states, â€Å"The glittering sword, / infallible before that day, / failed when he unsheathed it, as it never should have† (l. 2584-2586). This displays Beowulf’s final use of his sword, which displays as Beowulf ages, his weapons increase, Beowulf knows that he is going to die, and comitatus is dying with him. Beowulf’s support of the Thanes in each of the three challenges displays the fall of Anglo-Saxon loyalty overtime. As the three battles went on, Beowulf’s support of the Thanes became lesser and lesser and by the third battle with the dragon, the idea of comitatus had died. In the battle that Beowulf encountered with Grendel, the Thanes support Beowulf with all of their willpower and there is a very high comitatus. The narrator states, â€Å"Through the strength of one they all prevailed, / they would crush their enemy and come through / in tri umph and gladness† (l. 698-700). This shows that the Thanes will prevail through and with Beowulf’s strength and they will not let him down, they will defeat Grendel no matter what the circumstance. In the battle that Beowulf encountered with Grendel’s mother, the ThanesShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Moral Codes of Comitatus and Chivalry1151 Words   |  5 PagesThe Moral Codes of Comitatus and Chivalry Throughout history, there have been different codes of ethics that are often more important to a society that the governing laws of the land. While laws are written standards that people are compelled to abide by for fear of punishment, these codes serve as guideline for how people should live their lives. Two such codes are comitatus as demonstrated in Beowulf and chivalry as depicted in Morte D’Arthur. When the characters in these stories live byRead MoreCharacteristics Of Beowulf936 Words   |  4 Pagesstories passed down are centered around battles where the hero represents strong leadership characteristics. The story of Beowulf was commonly used as a story to teach upcoming leaders powerful ways to lead. Common traits are shown in the story illustration common themes for leadership. Throughout the epic of Beowulf, an element of Anglo-Saxon culture is represented in the virtues of humility through actions, loyalty in the fighting, and the Code of Comitatus. Humility reflects strong characterRead MoreBeowulf : The Epic Of Beowulf1027 Words   |  5 Pages To begin, Beowulf the poem has a unknown author, Beowulf is an epic poem. 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The most important literary element that the poet utilizes is strength and skill for the reason that the better you are in combat the more respected you are and the greater your rewardsRead MoreAnalysis Of Anglo-Saxon Culture In Beowulf1031 Words   |  5 PagesAnglo-Saxon culture, as conceived through the context and writing of Beowulf, provides a clear glimpse into the lives, modes of function, and habits of the ancient society. In this, many aspects of their culture can be understood from reading the epic and analyzing the importance of it’s contents. However, certain details about large cultural ideologies, such as Anglo-Saxon beliefs concerning the universe and conduct, convey a d eeper and more important understanding of Anglo-Saxon society. TheseRead MoreImportant Values In Beowulf772 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem of Beowulf is an epic poem written by an unknown author. Beowulf is about a strong, mighty man who fought monstrous monsters to protect the people of Geats and later he succeed the throne. The three things that are important to Beowulf’s culture are Lof, Comitatus, and Wyrd, these three important value show Beowulf’s appearance as a great warrior. First, Log is an important value of Beowulf’s culture, because his father Edgetho carried Lof when he was a great warrior before he died, theRead MoreBeowulf And The Anglo Saxon Epic Poem, Beowulf1637 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Anglo-Saxon epic poem, Beowulf, a myriad of virtues define the warrior Beowulf. Coming from his homeland, Geatland, he arrives in the land of the Danes resolute in helping King Hrothgar defeat an evil monster, Grendel. Beowulf is an impressive, strong warrior who will triumphantly defeat Grendel; moreover, he will demonstrate how one must seek glory before death, a legacy. A man’s reputation and his lineage is exceedingly important in the patriarchal society Beowulf lives in. Consequently, throughRead MoreEssay on Beowulf is a Christian Poem1371 Words   |  6 Pages The epic poem Beowulf, was written sometime in the eighth century by an unknown author. It was based on legend passed down over time. Prior to the time the poem was written, Anglo Saxons had converted from Germanic Paganism to Christianity. Some people argue that it was a Pagan poem rewritten by a person or persons educated in Christianity. â€Å" has come down from heathen times and acquired its Christian character gradually and piecemeal from a succession of minstrels.† ( Hector Monro ChadwickRead MoreComparing The Epic Of Beowulf979 Words   |  4 Pageswarriors defending their community and their king. The society reflects these values and Beowulf symbolizes this era and its aspects very accurately. The epic of Beowulf is structured around oral writing, the concept of comitatus, Pagan-Christian tension, and warriors. At the time, there was no form of writing meaning all the stories were orally composed, which leads to certain mechanisms and strategies being used. Beowulf was originally composed in Old English and in rhythmic meter to make it easier toRead MoreArchetypes And Ideals Of Beowulf And King892 Words   |  4 Pagesfootsteps. The Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and Medieval Christian King Arthur display many archetypes and ideals to shape the story and make it exciting. The Beowulf and King Arthur storytellers use archetypes to create stories with suspense and have their heroes display values of loyalty to their respective listeners. Beowulf, king of the Geats, engages in battles in order to protect his community from physical creatures while King Arthur’s knights engage in spiritual battles against evil temptation which

Bcbcabs Free Essays

You must: write within the report length: 650 words (Max. ) not plagiarism as any form of plagiarism will result in a fail’ grade use 1. 5 spacing and 1 inch/2. We will write a custom essay sample on Bcbcabs or any similar topic only for you Order Now CM margins write the word count at the end of your internal report in brackets, for example (650 words) submit the Internal report online Oval Turbulent (details will be provided closer to the submission date) submit the internal report on,’before the established deadline (any late submissions will result in a ‘deduction’ of the final grade for the assignment) submit your assignment early and avoid waiting till the last hour prior to the deadline in case of server overload or shutdown have proof of the print screen of any technical difficulty you may have encountered for any potential submission appeal to be considered, and c a copy of the proof to your teacher You are Jinn Kim, manager of Taxmen City branch, Korea Auto Insurance. You are concerned about the headquarters’ overhead cost allocation method which you believe is inappropriate and unfair, and have highlighted your concerns to the management. The new CEO, Chunk He, has asked you to submit an internal report to him before proceeding further. The CEO has requested that you: identify the problems associated with the overhead cost allocation method provide relevant and concrete evidence/examples to support the problems raised highlight he urgency of the problems and communicate the possible consequences of not taking action For your Internal report to make an Impact on the new CEO, It has to be: structured cohesive and coherent formal and concise words) submit the internal report online via Turning (details will be provided closer to the submission date) submit the internal report on/before the established For your internal report to make an impact on the new CEO, it has to be: How to cite Bcbcabs, Papers

Relationships and Effective Teams

Question: What insights have you gained about your ability to build viable relationships and effective teams? Answer: Introduction It is important to note that every individual has some unique strengths and talents that make them an effective part of a team. It is important to build a proper team to get positive outcome of a project. Hence, individual participation in a team is an essential aspect for the success of a group. In order to seek success in a team activity, it is important to possess leadership skills and excellent communication skills that help to understand the thinking and ability of others (Kwak, 2010). It is important to consider every team member valuable to motivate them to actively participate in the team activity to seek success.The report has been developed to present own views on team synergy and effective team management. In order to complete this paper, a self reflection has been presented on my role as a team member on different projects. Furthermore, I have presented different theories on team synergy that can be applied in real life scenarios to improve by efficiency and actively part icipate as a member of a group. This paper helps to judge my capabilities, skills and knowledge as an active team member and develop future actions that are required to improve my performance as a team member. Theory on Team Synergy In order to identify the effective team synergy action, two particular team development models have been selected. First of all, Bruce Tuckmans Team Development Model and the four specific stages of development have been taken into consideration to illustrate the performance of the team members. The four stages of development are forming, storming, norming and performing that must be experienced by the team members in any operations (Tuckman and Mann, 2008). I have critically followed the team growth model of Tuckman to identify content issues, process problems and feelings issues of the team members at the different stages of development. At the initial team forming stage, I have noticed that there are some uncertainties among the team members to understand their responsibility (Sakes et al., 2012). Hence, guidance is the key in such cases. In the next stage of storming, the confidence of the team members including me has been grown to a standard level. In the third stage of Norming , the participants have been somewhat innovative in their standards. I have found that in this particular stage the team members have shown their willingness to participate. At the final stage, the team members have seemed to be concerned as the task has been completed. In different stages, there are some content issues such as resistance from new moves (Sparrow and Heel, 2006). I have worked out some methods and views to eliminate the issues. Apart from that, some of the process issues such as guidelines and directions have been sorted out to solve diversified thoughts. Along with that, I have noticed that there are some feelings issues including anxiousness and ignorance of knowledge resources. In such scenario, the responsibility of the team members will become so much critical to fix the problems through verbal communication (Rupprecht et al., 2009). In this way, each member of a team can significantly contribute to a project given to the team members. On the other side, Meridit h Belbins Team Role Theory has been considered to identify the role of the team members and performance of individual members of a team. According to Belbins Team Role Theory, the balance of a team is the key to success (Anderson and Sleap, 2014). In terms of bigger picture, a balanced team should have diversified knowledge and resources to form a strong team suitable for every style. By identifying the different behaviours of team members, Belbins Team Role Theory can split responsibilities in different ways such as action-oriented roles, thought oriented roles and people oriented roles.According to Belbins Team Role Theory, the specific role of the members can be identified as shown in the above figure. I have followed the theory in the team activities to work out efficient roles for the team members based on their capabilities and behaviours (Gilley et al., 2010). Personal Insight In order to identify the different situation of dynamic groups, I have compared my previous experience with other teams that I have worked with in the past. Some fundamental resources can contrast the performance level of a team. Previously I have experienced that significant leadership and communication skills can be identified as the core strength of a team. The reflection of the performance of team members has been largely contributed by the combination of personal behaviour and effectiveness of role distribution (Bouton, 2007). My current team members are a lot more responsible and knowledgeable in compared to my previous team members. I have observed that there are certain areas such as group discussion, role distribution and regular feedback from the team members can be highly productive for a successful project completion (Rao, 2016). My previous experience has shown that an active team has identified the purpose so more often than not. The agendas and support system are a ver y obvious part of a high-performance group. Meanwhile, if I analyse the difference between my past experiences with my earliest teams with the current one, I would pick my current team as more of a high-performance team. My current team is more confident and proactive in case of solving issues. Furthermore, my previous team has conflicting views and hidden agendas that have always hampered the outcome. My current team members have efficiently identified the complementing roles and responsibility. Moreover, I have found clear values and objective in the group (Friedman and Schoen, 2009). By maintaining a good relationship with each of the team members, open communication of ideas and views can be shared. On this note, the main strength of my current team is constructive conflict such as inspiring constructive ideas, friendly competitiveness and significant objective. Along with that, my previous team has lacked extended support and leadership skills. But, my current team has got stro ng leadership power and influential expertise that have been acted as a supreme force creating interdependence (Joo et al., 2012). My current team members have understood a certain degree of interpersonal behaviour that has influenced the mindset of each team member to support each other at any stage. Personal Awareness I have worked in different teams working on different projects during my tenure of education. I have played different roles in these teams that have provided m with several learning and knowledge about building an effective team. In order to increase the efficiency of a team, there is a need to consider every member important and allow them to share their views and ideas of the project undertaken by the team (Carlsson, Hantilsson and Nystrm, 2014). Though I have never played the role of team leader, but have seek success as a communicator and active member of the team. During my tenure as a communicator, I have faced several challenges that have taught me with lessons important for developing my communication and interpersonal skills. While working as a co-ordinator and information collector during one of my project in a team of five members, I have faced challenges in managing regular meetings of the team members. I have learned how to give importance to everyones views and ideas. A long with that, I have learned to collect information by communicating with the people outside the team (Dorner, Gorman and Calvert, 2015). Working as a part of team helped me to learn cultural diversified among people belonging to different ethnic background. It also taught me the way to share emotions with others and learn new things from others.By analysing own capabilities and skills, I can see that I am quite comfortable in working with new people. My good communication skills and interacting capability helps me to be friendly with new team members and get match up with them. Another important strength of mine is the flexible attitude that helps me to match up with the situation (Friedman and Schoen, 2009). I have played different roles in different teams and was quite capable of meeting my responsibilities. My learning attitude and critical thinking abilities acts as strength for the entire team. But, the major problem that I face is matching up with emotions of other team mem bers. Hence, here I need to strengthen my capabilities by using motivational theories and psychological understanding to play an effective role in the team (Logan, 2012). Hence, I can say that my communication skills, learning ability, responsible approach, flexible attitude and critical thinking ability are the major factors that help me to work effectively in a team and win the trust of team members. Situational Awareness It is important to note that there must a good coordination between the team members to accomplish the task according to the decided plan. I have faced various situations of conflicts between the thoughts of the team members. This occurs due to difference in believes of the team members and their cultures (McAtavey and Nikolovska, 2010). Culture influences the behaviour of a person. Furthermore, the power of a team member due to his designation also influences their behaviour and thoughts. Hence, it is important for a team member to treat others in equal manner and provide each and every member of the team a chance to prove their capabilities. Here, comes the role of a leader, who must have a motivating attitude to influence every member of the team to work for a common goal. I have played an effective role of a coordinator to mitigate the conflict among the members. I have communicated with different team members to establish mutual understanding among them. Hence, my critical think ing and analysing capabilities have helped me in understand the thoughts of the team members and motivate them towards a common goal (Stoeberl et al., 2008). It is important to keep every member focused towards a common goal that can be achieved by hearing to the thoughts of all members and discussion them in a meeting where all members are present. Along with that, the members of the team must be treated in equal sense to minimise the occurrence of conflicts. Action According to me, I must develop a proper understanding of psychology that controls the emotional feelings of the team members. It helps to understand what they think and how to control them to achieve a common goal. Along with that, there is a need to provide team members chances to actively participate in the decision making by motivating them towards their roles and responsibilities (Arinze, 2014). Furthermore, a regular communication is needed to know the views and thinking of every team members. It helps to strengthen the bonding among the members and establishes mutual understanding. A regular communication and active participation of the members helps to make them feel motivated that further increases the viability and effectiveness of the team or groups. Conclusion By understanding the team development model and team role theory has significantly helped me to promote efficient role management among the team members. Sometimes I found that competency of individuals had been a key feature for a successful team. By identifying the behavioural segments of individual team members, I have enhanced my knowledge of maintaining a team in the different work environment. Along with that, the suitable working style of the team members can complement each others weakness to form a formidable team. In order to improve the performance and productivity of a team, the individual performance of the team members must be enhanced through training and development programmes. Meanwhile, regular reviews and feedbacks can fill the gaps among the team members. Invariably, I have promoted efficient communication practices within the team members so that each of the team members can identify the strengths and weaknesses of others. In this way, weak areas of a team can be replaced by confidence, skills and compliment. Furthermore, I have noticed that managing goals and probability will be paramount for a successful team. Moreover, if the team members can build trust and reliability with each other, the dimension of efficiency level of the team will be benefited at the highest standard. References Anderson, N. and Sleap, S. (2014). An evaluation of gender differences on the Belbin Team Role Self-Perception Inventory. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(3), pp.429-437.Arinze, B. (2014). Selecting appropriate forecasting models using rule induction. Omega, 22(6), pp.647-658.Batenburg, R., van Walbeek, W. and in der Maur, W. (2013). Belbin role diversity and team performance: is there a relationship?. Journal of Mgmt Development, 32(8), pp.901-913.Bouton, B. (2007). The Interdisciplinary Bereavement Team. Hospice Journal, The, 11(4), pp.15-24.Carlsson, G., Hantilsson, U. and Nystrm, M. (2014). Reflective team a clinical intervention for sustainable care improvement. Reflective Practice, 15(3), pp.378-389.Dorner, D., Gorman, G. and Calvert, P. (2015). Information needs analysis. London: Facet.Friedman, A. and Schoen, L. (2009). Reflective Practice Interventions: Raising Levels of Reflective Judgment. Action in Teacher Education, 31(2), pp.61-73.Gilley, A., G illey, J., McConnell, C. and Veliquette, A. (2010). The Competencies That Effective Managers Use to Build Teams: An Empirical Study. Advances in Developing Human Resources.Joo, B., Song, J., Lim, D. and Yoon, S. (2012). Team creativity: the effects of perceived learning culture, developmental feedback and team cohesion. International Journal of Training and Development, 16(2), pp.77-91.Kwak, K. (2010). Self-Development and Relationships through Acculturation. Culture Psychology, 16(3), pp.365-381.Logan, A. (2012). Improving personal voice in academic writing: an action inquiry using self-reflective practice. Reflective Practice, 13(6), pp.775-788.McAtavey, J. and Nikolovska, I. (2010). Team collectivist culture: A remedy for creating team effectiveness. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 21(3), pp.307-316.Rao, M. (2016). Collaborate to build effective teams to achieve organizational excellence and effectiveness. Industrial and Commercial Training, 48(1), pp.24-28.Rupprecht, M., Strasser, J., Gruber, H. and Harteis, C. (2009). Expertise of Team Leaders in Analysing Team Conflicts. Vocations and Learning, 3(1), pp.39-54.Sakes, M., Trundle, K., Tuckman, B. and Krissek, L. (2012). Development of the Efficacy Beliefs for Conceptual Change Learning Questionnaire. The Journal of Experimental Education, 80(4), pp.338-351.Sparrow, J. and Heel, D. (2006). Fostering team learning development. Reflective Practice, 7(2), pp.151-162.Stoeberl, P., Kwon, I., Han, D. and Bae, M. (2008). Leadership and power relationships based on culture and gender. Women in Management Review, 13(6), pp.208-216.Tuckman, B. and Mann, R. (2008). Interpersonal Styles and Group Development. The American Journal of Psychology, 81(1), p.137.

Media Popular Culture in East and South East Asia Kyoung

Kyoung-hwa, Yonnie. â€Å"The landscape of keitai shà ´setsu: Mobile phones as a literary medium among Japanese youth, Continuum.† Journal of Media Cultural Studies, 26.3 (2012): 475-485.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Media Popular Culture in East and South East Asia: Kyoung-hwa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author notes that the use of mobile phones in sending message is in the increase in the current Japanese society. Apart from the use of mobile phones and the media in relaying information, some other channels are used including literary communication and oral conversation. The author underscores the fact that the use of mobile phones in transmitting messages in the Japanese society is in the increase. In order to understand the persistent use of phones as a literary medium in Japan, the author compared the new trend with the influence of the popular novel in society. He uses the term keitai shoˆsetsu, which means mobile novel. The trend is gaining much popularity among young Japanese women (Kyoung-hwa 477). The author understands the behavior of women regarding the use of mobile novels from a cultural perspective meaning that it is a culture of Japanese women to associate themselves with the mobile novels. The author describes the views of various readers and writers regarding the culture of Japanese women, which is related to mobile novel. The author utilizes some ethnographic reports and other materials to understand mobile novel phenomenon in detail. For instance, a social discourse is one of the additional factors that the author uses in comprehending the behavior of young Japanese women regarding mobile novel trend. Some factors, such as the factors related to the industry, are some of the features that influence the behavior of Japanese women in relation to mobile novel phenomenon. The mobile media influences the behavior of individuals in society in a number of ways. For instance, it influences the lifestyles of individuals and their socialization processes. In the long-run, an individual adopts a different culture, which grows with time into something complex. The culture is adopted by a number of individuals in society to an extent of becoming a normal way of life. In other words, the author suggests that the mobile technology has been able to translate and modify the culture of Japanese youngsters.Advertising Looking for critical writing on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author is able to support his arguments through the use of ethnographic reports. The author came up with three major questions that assisted him in confirming the hypothesis. In the first question, his main concern was establishing the relationship between keitai and the fictitious practice referred to as ‘doing keitai shoˆsetsu. The second question aimed at capturing the mann er in which keitai shoˆsetsu consumers essentially integrate keitai into their customary activities such as texting, reading, and sharing remarks. The third question was very important because it sought to find out the meaning that people attach to keitai shoˆsetsu. Through the questions, the author collected enough information that helped him in concluding that a strong relationship between mobile novel and the culture of young Japanese women exists. The author is very consistent meaning that he does not contradict any of his arguments. The arguments are valid because they are supported by critical sources and evidence. It is noted that the author fails to mention some of the effects of mobile phones on the socialization and behavior of users. Phones have certain effects, which are social in nature meaning that they should be used with care. The use of the phone is addictive because an individual is influenced negatively to suspend the use of other channels of communication . Even though he notes that phone users are forced to spend heavily on phone accessories, he does not mention the fact that operating the phone is expensive for youngster. Moreover, the concentration of the phone user is always distracted because he or she does not have time to concentrate on other things. The article contributes to the existing body of knowledge that is related to mobile phones in a number of ways. First, it states clearly that mobile phone usage leads to the development of a certain culture among the users. The users develop the culture and they pass it to other members of society through the process of socialization. This is actually the effect of most technologies because they change the world view of the user. However, the article does not address the issue of resistance because no technology will ever penetrate society without meeting some resistance. Mobile phone technology has always been viewed with contempt because it brings about other social crimes. In o ther words, the author does not talk about the negative effects of mobile phones among the young Japanese females.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Media Popular Culture in East and South East Asia: Kyoung-hwa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hjorth, Larissa, and Kay, Gu. â€Å"The place of emplaced visualities: A case study of Smartphone visuality and location-based social media in Shanghai, China, Continuum.† Journal of Media Cultural Studies, 26(5) (2012): 699-713. The authors observe that the modern society is witnessing various forms of visual technologies, especially with the growth of camera phones. The new phones have various features such as micro blogging and the location-based services, which have facilitated image distribution among individuals. Through location-based services such as Facebook, people are able to generate contexts for the overlay between place, ambient images, and striking localities. The new technology is reshaping the way people communicate. There are flourishing dialectic visual images, which replicate the notion of place, social, and uniqueness practices. The authors note further that sharing, storing, and saving of information play a critical role in information technology. The Smartphone enables the new forms of information distribution such as hipstamatic (Hjorth and Kay, 700). An advanced Smartphone, such as android-based, has influenced the lives of many youths in different ways. The emergence of new technology, such as micro blogging, has enabled users to apply the technology successfully with the Smartphone. It is claimed that the Chinese public has been able to voice its views and opinions through the new technology. The idea of media participation is now perceived differently since the emergence of the new technology. This shows that the society has grown in terms of technology. The authors suggest that the Chinese culture is ver y different, but it is consistent with the new technology. In other societies, such as those of the west, lurking is considered non-participation. However, it is a valid participation technique in the Chinese culture. The arguments of the authors are based on the idea that modern technology has transformed the way people relay information. The authors support their arguments by claiming that the social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, offer people with specific skills that can easily affect the way in which people pass information in organizations and social life. For instance, Facebook offers a micro-blogging UX. This facilitates the redistribution of information, asking of questions and finding knowledge. Information distribution does not follow any standardized structure in the cloud computing technology. Micro-blogging is a form of technology used in cloud computing, which utilizes the services of CRM. Through CRM technology, an individual or a company can pass updates to ot her individuals regarding unusual events and actions. The following chart shows cloud computing layers.Advertising Looking for critical writing on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The findings of the two authors fail appreciate the fact that cloud computer exploit customers. This is because customers boost the sales of the company yet they are not paid. For instance, each person is expected to create his Facebook, Twitter, and Google accounts without the help of the company. This amounts to exploitation because it would be expected that the company open an account for each customer. Companies have free access to labor because customers are employees who are not paid. However, it is surprising to note that customers are always inconvenienced because they lack privacy. When opening a Facebook account, a customer is supposed to disclose pertinent information, such as age, sex, occupation, and academic qualifications. The article contributes to the existing body of knowledge since it states that cloud technology is different because it uses information from computers as a collective virtual computer. This means that all applications have the capacity of running i ndependently, without relying on servers or server configurations. In other words, cloud technology allows information to float around freely. This implies that the hardware is not important when applying the cloud technology. Many youths are able to communicate freely without necessarily having to acquire the hardware. This has strengthened the way people communicate in society. Works Cited Hjorth, Larissa, and Kay, Gu. â€Å"The place of emplaced visualities: A case study of Smartphone visuality and location-based social media in Shanghai, China, Continuum.† Journal of Media Cultural Studies, 26(5) (2012): 699-713. Kyoung-hwa, Yonnie. â€Å"The landscape of keitai shà ´setsu: Mobile phones as a literary medium among Japanese youth, Continuum.† Journal of Media Cultural Studies, 26.3 (2012): 475-485. This critical writing on Media Popular Culture in East and South East Asia: Kyoung-hwa was written and submitted by user Abel Morin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

J.L is a 17 year old junior that came in with comp Essays - Bacteria

J.L is a 17 year old junior that came in with comp Essays - Bacteria J.L is a 17 year old junior that came in with complaints of urinary tract manifestations and increasingly severe urethral burning during urination that has persisted for three days. She has said that her vaginal discharge has been yellow and thick. She also reports mild anal itching but denies any other symptoms. She reported that she had sex for the first time during prom two weeks ago. It was also reported that she and her date did not use a condom. Along with a heightened frequen cy of urination and mild incontinence she also experiences mild erythema and yellow-white discharge, cervical tenderness and edema. J.L also has a pH of 5.0 which is slightly more ac idic than normal. Her urinalysis shows that she has 10 RBC as well as WBC in her urine which is unusual. She also tested positive for gram-negative diplococci. On further investigation of her results her Nucleic Acid Amplification Test showed her positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. J.L's one major risk factor in all of this was the fact that she engaged in unprotected sex. Gonorrhea is the second most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States today. It accounts for more than three hundred thousand cases annually. There is concern that due to the low rate of reporting cases of gonorrhea, almost the same number (300,000 cases) goes unreported annually. In men Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; the etiologic agent of gonorrheal infections have been incriminated in urethritis while in women cervicitis ; which can progress to pelvic inflammatory disease(PID), ectopic pregnancy, infertility and pelvic pain. Invasive infections include disseminated gonococcal infections(DGI), meningitidis and endocarditis. The latter two are considerably uncommon but they can result in serious morbidity. Epidemiologically, overall rates of infections have plummeted since the mid-1970s to a rate of approximately 116.2 cases per 100, 000 cases by the end of 2003 . Despite these statistical representations of overall decline in gonorrheal cases, racial disparities still persist and antibiotic resistance has been on the increase. The reasons behind this disparity in reduction is attributable to geographical clustering of the populace, differences in accessing and utilizing health services, sexual partner choices coupled to a set of complex and interrelated socioeconomic influences. Differential reporting by members of the public can also magnify the statistical racial disparity. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram- negative , non motile, non spore forming diplococcus belonging to the family Neisseriaceae . It is the principal etiologic agent of gonorrhea. Other pathogenic species in the same family is Neisseria meningitidis. These two species are genetically related but N. meningitidis is not usually taken as an etiologic agent of a sexually transmitted disease. However, it can infect the mucous membranes in the anogenital area among homosexual men . Both bacteria are classified as pyogenic cocci since their infections are characterized with the production of purulent material composed of white blood cells. The genus Neisseria is also composed of other species; Neisseria lactamica, Neisseria cinerea , Neisseria polysaccharea and Neisseria flavescens . These species are comparatively more related to Neisseria gonorrhoeae than the saccharolytic strains like Neisseria sicca , Neisseria subflava and Neisseri a mucosa . The latter species are basically non pathogenic normal flora resident in the nasopharyngeal mucous membranes . Structurally, Neisseria gonorrhoeae are unencapsulated, non motile, pilated organisms that have a pair of kidney beans like appearance. These pili are hair like surface appendages made of helical aggregates of subunit peptide repeats referred to as Palin . These structures are used by the organism to attach onto mucosal and epithelial cell surfaces as well as to confer resistance to pha gocytic action. The pili acts as an important virulence factor. Pili are also antigenic. The existence of at least twenty gonococcal genes that code for pili confer the bacteria with the ability to synthesize and express multiple pili at different times. Neisseria gonorrhoeae also possess gonococcal lipooligosaccharides (LOS) that have shorter and more branched non repeat O-antigenic side chains. The outer membrane proteins(OMPs) confer antigenic diversity among the different strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae . OMP I functions as a porin complex with OMP III. OMP II; the opac ity protein, renders gonococcal colonies less translucent. Together with pili, OMP II, mediate host

Entre Nos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Entre Nos - Essay Example The movie proves to us that lack of immigrants’ cultural understanding, close friendship and interpersonal relationship in a city results to frustrations, mistreatment and suffering of immigrants in the cities. As Zukin (1995) analyzes, culture is a powerful tool for controlling cities. Culture is a summation of social, economic, linguistic, and political aspects of life and how people in a particular setting execute these components in their unique way. The video is an account of an experience by Mariana; a wife and mother of two young children, Gabriel and Andrea. Mariana’s husband, whom they have immigrated to live with in New York City, abandoned the naive family at the city. Unable to settle bills, Mariana is evacuated from their rented apartment to the streets and things get worse when she discovers that she is pregnant. In addition to her lack of knowledge of the language spoken in the vicinity, she has not employment or work experience. Language is a powerful to ol in life and immigrants are sometimes constrained and limited when they can not express themselves in the middle of strangers. Inability to understand the language of New York makes it difficult for the family to adapt to the culture of the city given that culture is inculcated largely through language. One of the inevitable thing that city immigrants should establish is social network; a powerful tool that members of the society can use for survival. In the vast urban environment, such as that of New York where Mariana and her two kinds were struggling to survive, social network could have been a way of soliciting for support from friends and neighbors. For example, immigrants should have a way of communicating and associating with their fellow immigrants, neighbors or those close to them. For example, if Mariana had known another fellow immigrant in the town, she could have been assisted because not all immigrants suffered the tragedy. In fact, the story would have been differen t if her husband stayed and continued to support his family. Another survival tactic, which ensures safety and security when one gets to a vast urban environment is creating close friendships with the people one is close to; either neighbors, workmates or associates. Close friendships makes a person to acquire and amass enough social, political and even economic security because friends can help in finding a solution in extreme cases instead of learning the hard way like Mariana. Moreover, close friendship is a significant part of social life and, as noted from the movie, much of the agonies that Mariana and her two kids underwent were as a result of lack of close friendship. As it is known, men are created solitary beings, but necessity forces them to create social networks because there is no survival in isolation. In this case, cities are depicted in an influential cinema as tragic places where people are not concerned much about their neighbors. In cities like the one Mariana wa s living, the owners of property such as tenants in urban areas are exceptionally capitalistic, and they are only concerned with their economic gains and not social welfare of their tenants; it is an economic regime that does not consider those who do not have. Economic challenges are, therefore, not a concern of the owners of resources in cities. For example, we see the owner of the apartment where Mariana and

Trade Unions in Great Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Trade Unions in Great Britain - Essay Example Thus, by the end of 2005 the number of those, who take part in the activity of British trade unions, has reduced from 14 to 8 million people. One of the main reasons for such sharp reduction was in the fact, that British workers didn't see any benefits of collective representation. If the numbers of trade unions members are compared, it will be seen that 35.5% of the UK workers were trade unions members in 1993, while their number has declined to almost 28.8% in 2004. (Howe, 2004) This decline is reflected through both absolute numbers and relative percentage of the labour force, presented in the private sector. The number of those, who participate in trade unions in public sector, has nominally increased due to the general increase of this sector labour force, but as a percentage this membership has also fallen. The general profile of trade union members has also changed during this period, with women leaving them and middle-income earners becoming the main force of trade unions now adays. The main reason for the constant decline in the trade union membership in the UK lies in general decline of the 'manufacturing base within the UK and the fragmentation of the workplace, linked to outsourcing and private sector influence in the public sector' (Beaumont, 1992) The bigger portion of those, who are occupied in private sector, has refused from such membership, seeing no use and no protection in trade unions' activity, with 58.8% of public sector workers being members of trade unions at present time. The total number of days devoted to strikes has also reduced, which is connected with the fact, that trade unions prefer devoting less time to strikes, but solving the major problems, without going into details. It is also forecast, that the amount of time, devoted to the strikes, and thus to breaks in working process, will continue to decrease. Speaking about the other reasons membership decline, the following reasons should be taken into account: - a considerable portion of those who represent labour force in the UK is constituted by migrants, who look for jobs on temporary basis and thus have the following reasons not to join the unions: a. the temporary nature of jobs these people prevents them from joining any trade union on the constant basis; b. such workers mostly work for the agencies, and not directly for their employers, which also prevents them from joining a trade union; c. the wages these workers earn are often so low, that the subscriptions they have to pay appear to be excessive for them. Migrants often move from one factory to another and thus they are difficult to be organized. Moreover, together with those, who work on a constant basis, they become very skeptical as for the possible positive role of trade unions in their employment relations. (Howe, 2004) Thus, it is clear that nowadays workers underestimate the role of trade unions in protecting their rights, refusing from membership. As Gall (1994) writes, 'Unions are painfully aware of the need to recruit new and younger members to reverse the decline in membership that has continued for over a decade. The changing nature of the workplace, with a decline in manufacturing and an increasingly fragmented and globalized workforce, is creating difficulties for trade unions which they are finding hard to meet. The sustained declining trend is a little surprising given legislation passed in recent years

Overeating In Youths And Adolescents Health And Social Care Essay

Overeating In Youths And Adolescents Health And Social Care Essay Overeating is a major social problem. Throughout the history, perception of overeating has been changing with time owing to the changing social, political, and economic situations. Overeating is an eating disorder which is centrally characterized by addiction to food that leads to binge eating. Individuals who suffer from compulsive eating disorder suffer from episodes of uncontrolled eating. It has been shown to have psychological connection as these individuals tend to experience pressured and frenzied feeling. As a result, the individuals continue eating even after they become uncomfortably full. Binge eating tends to be followed by intense guilt and sometimes depression. While bulimics will purge themselves with vomiting or use of laxatives, individuals suffering from compulsive eating disorder rarely vomit or use laxatives and hence they continue to accumulate weight. Overeating has been recognized as one of the factors contributing to increased incidences of overweight and obes ity which are major public health concerns. Overeating is a social problem which means that the problem has taken different dimensions throughout history. It has been defined and understood in different ways depending on the changing political, social, and economic conditions. Even during the medieval period, overeating was recognized but it was not understood the same way it is understood today. This implies that understanding of the problem has been changing with time and though it was recognized as a sign of wellness in the past, it is considered a major health problem today. Overeating today affects people across the social demographic divide. The problem is today compounded by social values and health concerns. The government has put in place different programs with an aim of mitigating the effect of the problem but little has been achieved. Despite the current understanding of overeating as a social and health problem, and the programs that have been instituted to mitigate its effects, it still remains a major social and health concerns in the world today. Historical Background of Overeating Overeating is a social problem that has changed over time. Since the medieval period, overeating has been understood in different ways depending on the changing economic, social, and political environments. The problem has also been understood in different ways depending on the dominant social values and the changing philosophy of social welfare (Levi et al., 2008). Definition and understanding of the problem have transformed with changes taking place in the environment. The current definition and understanding of the problem is very different from how it was understood during the medieval period. In order to define and understand overeating, it is important to first look at the historical definition and understanding of the problem. Historical understanding of binge eating dates back to the medieval period. At a time when the society was highly stratified, binge eating was understood as a sign of excesses (Tanofsky-Kraff, 2008). It was mainly practiced by those who had excess to eat, mainly those in the upper class. This means that the understanding of overeating during that time was mainly engraved in indulgence since these were only those who could afford plenty of food who ate more. Interestingly, overeating was not recognized as a health problem during the middle ages. Historical accounts have revealed that the ancient Greece and Arabia had texts which showed description of binging and purging which means both were recognized at that time. Also in ancient Rome, historians have shown the existence of constructed vomitoriums places where individuals or feasters threw up food. This is a sign of existence of overeating even at those ancient times. It has recorded that Roman Emperor Claudis who ruled between 10 B.C. to A.D. 54 and Vitellius who ruled between A.D 15 to A.D. 19 were both bulimic. These historical accounts affirm to the fact that eating disorders were recognized as early as 10 B.C. Although it was not recognized, overeating was the main cause of obesity in ancient times. Obesity, which results from overeating, is an age-old problem whose perception has changed over time. During ancient civilization, obesity was perceived in much different ways just like other overeating disorders. For example, ancient Egyptians considered obesity as disease. There have been wall drawing in Egypt which depicted obesity as an illnesses. There was also the famous statuette of Venus figurines, which depicted the image of an obese female torso and which are presumed to have played major roles in carrying out rituals. Ancient Chinese also showed that they understood the problem of obesity and its effect on the longevity of the problem. The Aztecs firmly believed that obesity could be considered as a supernatural problem which was affliction of gods. Hippocrates, who is regarded as the father of medicine, recognized that there were many sudden deaths which could be attributed to obesi ty, and this was expressed clearly in his writings. However, this perception changed from place to place. In areas where food was scarce, overeating and consequential obesity were considered as signs and symbols of wealth and a higher social status. In some African cultures, brides were plumped up in order to prepare them for child bearing period. Before a wedding, a bride was plumped up until she reached the expected weight to assist her to bear a child. This shows that overeating and obesity were perceived in different ways. However, serious focus on the prevalence of eating disorders did not take place until the 19th and 20th century. At the time, there was great scientific advance which provided for research framework to carry out studies to understand the existence of these diseases. For example, it was in 1979 that a British psychiatrist, Gerald Russell, made official description of existence of bulimia. He is the one who gave it its current scientific name, bulimia nervosa. He had carried out a scientific study between 1972 and 1978 (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005). What sets apart the description of Russell from those of ancient Greece and Arabia is that Russell identified that bulimia was carried out in order to cut weight, while the ancient studies did not identify the reason for existence of binging and bulimia. Throughout history, overeating has been perceived in different ways. This perception has changed greatly with changing times, especially in the course of 1900s. For example, French designer Paul Poiret showed that overeating and consequential obesity were unfashionable. Poiret designed skin-revealing women clothes in order to reveal the body image. In the course of the 19th century, the rate of obesity continued to increase at an alarming rate as a result of different factors, among them change in eating patterns, especially overeating and changing lifestyle. Despite the historical records of existence of binge eating, it had not been recognized as a health problem until 1959. In 1959 psychiatrist and researcher Albert Stunkard first described overeating or binge eating as a social problem (Cooper and Fairburn, 2003). He first described it as Night Eating Syndrome and later the term Binge Eating Disorder was used to describe overeating behavior that did not have nocturnal component. This meant that the problem was recognized as a social problem only in 20th century despite its existence for many years. Although the problem has been observed for a number of years, there has not been any scientific study that looked into the trends of overeating. At the time Stunkard described the problem, he had observed there was increasing number of people who were becoming overweight. He noted that overweight individuals had more incidents of overeating compared to the rest of the population (Levi et al., 2008). The clinical observation convinced Stunkard that overeating was somehow related to obesity and only individuals with obesity showed recurrent episodes of overeating. With increase in the number of obese individuals owing to the changing lifestyle, it was easy for Stunkard to relate the prevalence pattern and the risk it posed to the general population. Since then, there have been several studies that have looked into the problem in greater details. From the perception of a sign of excesses during ancient times, binge eating was now recognized as a health issues (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005 ). Since Stunkard recognized the problem in overweight individuals, it was not recognized by the medical authorities in the country despite a number of consequent studies that have outlined the effects of the problem. It was not until 1994 when Binge Eating Disorder (BED) was introduced in the DSM-IV criteria. However it was introduced as a provision psychiatric disorder that required further research. It is important to understand that during 1950s when the problem was recognized as a major social problem, there were a lot of changes that were taking place in the social, political, and economical environment. This period marked the end of the Second World War and the world was drawing the attention away from war and political bickering to focus on social and health welfare of the population. The end of the Second World War ushered the world into a new era that was more focused on social welfare of the people. Since the turn of the century, the world has been much occupied with First and Second World War and the Great Depression that have wiped away wealth and people scrambled for food rations. This means during the period after the end of the Second World War, people could access more food. Change in technology has been recognized as another factor that contributed to increased incidence of overeating (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005). The changing nature of life, mainly driven by technology, led to food process technologies that made food available outside the kitchen. Traditionally, food was only found and prepared in the kitchen which meant that people had limited chances of eating. However, the introduction of modern food processing technology, especially with the emergence of fast and convenient food, people have more chances of eating and this factor contributed to incidence of overeating. With availability of food in different public spaces, and with emergence of food chains like MacDonalds, which have been established in almost every corner, people are encouraged to eat more often (Levi et al., 2008). The increased incidence of overeating led to rising cases of obesity and this was one of the factors that drew attention to the issue of overeating. Changes in social life, especially in working conditions, were another factor that contributed to the increased cases of overeating. Unlike times when people labored for hours in the field, the emergence of office jobs where manual jobs are left to machines encourages people to eat more (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005). As the number of working hours reduced and more work was taken over by machines, people had more time to relax and eat. Even at work, the emergence of fast food meant that people could carry food to work and continued to eat while working. There were a number of changes at home that also marked increased cases of overeating. The emergence of television sets and other entertainment devices stationed at home meant that people spent more hours watching TV while eating. At the end, they ate more than they would have eaten if they were not watching TV (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005). Apart from positive impacts of technological advancement and wealth creation like having TVs at home, there are other psychological changes that come with change in life that have been pointed out as possible causes of overeating. As people became busy and pre-occupied and the economy changed, the level of stress kept on rising (Levi et al., 2008). High levels of stress and depression have also been pointed out as possible reasons why people engaged in overeating. Research evidence has shown that compared to the past, economic crisis of modern time, where life is centered on economic performance, has contributed to high levels of stress. It is therefore evident that throughout history, definition and understanding of overeating has dramatically changed in line with emerging social, political, and economic trends. Earlier definition of overeating is quite different from the modern one. Binge eating has changed from a sign of wealth in ancient times to a health problem that is attributed to the changes in the modern lifestyle. While the overeating and obesity have remained a problem for the wealth in earlier times, most of the obese individuals nowadays are found in the middle and low class. Description of the overeating in youths and adolescents Since the 1950s, overeating and accompanying overweight and obesity complications have become major public health concerns in the United States. As has been the tradition with the United States government, it responds with policies aimed at mitigating the effect of the problem but rarely puts in place policies to prevent the problem. Since overeating was noted as a public health concern in 1950s, it took the government several years before any policy was put in place to address the issue. With time, overeating, coupled with changing life style including reduced engagement in physical exercises has led to overweight and obesity, which are considered to be the major public health issues facing the country (Tanofsky-Kraff, 2008). Binge eating disorder is currently a major problem that cuts across the whole population. Each and every year, there are millions of Americans who succumb to different threatening eating disorders, but binge eating remains a major problem across the whole popul ation. It is estimated that about 16 million Americans suffer from one or more eating disorders including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (Tanofsky-Kraff, 2008). However, a higher number, 25 million Americans, are documented to suffer from binge eating. Interestingly, the problem is more pronounced in women than in men. Statistics shows that more than 90% of those who are affected by these problems are women (Hudons et al., 2007). Unlike other health problems that have been known to occur with age, either very early or very late in life, eating disorders occur in the middle life. It has been documented that about 86% of individuals who report eating disorders are slightly below the age of 20, which means the problem starts developing early in life. For example, research findings show that about 11% of high school students have one or more eating disorders, with binge eating being a major problem (Raderprograms, 2010). However, research shows conflicting results. A number of studies have pointed out that the prevalence of binge eating is not clear in the population. This is because the prevalence differs from place to place depending on the social economic status. However, it has been shown that the prevalence of binge eating in the general population ranges between 1-3% (Bull, 2004). As was earlier observed in 1950s, binge eating remains a major problem facing overweight and obese individuals. A number of studies have clearly shown that among the overweight and obese individuals, binge eating rangers from 25% and more (Bull, 2004). In adolescents and youth, binge eating has been described as a major health concern. Studies have shown that lost of control eating or BED is prevalent in young people not only in the United States but in the whole world (Tanofsky-Kraff, 2008). Binge eating is associated cross-sectionally with adiposity in children and youth and has been identified as a major factor predisposing them to overweight and obesity. Overeating is therefore a major social problem not only in adults but in youths. There are several reasons why the society is getting concerned with the problem of overeating. Since the second half of the 20th century, increasing incidence of overeating has attracted public attention owing to the social and health ramification on the general population. Overeating was recognized as a problem associated with obesity. The reason why the society is becoming more concerned with increasing incidence of overeating can be related to the rising cases of overweight and obesity in the population. Obesity is an epidemic in the United States that affects people across the social demographic divide. It is estimated that about three quarters or accurately more than 64% of American adults are overweight while 26% are obese (Levi et al., 2008). The number of obese people in the United States has grown steadily from 19.4% in 1997 to the recent 26.6% in 2007 (Hudons et al., 2007). By 2015, it is estimated that about 75% of the United States population will be overweight while 41% will be obese (Hudons et al., 2007).While obesity has been considered a problem for the aging individuals, demographic prevalence portrays a worrying trend as children and adolescents shows increasing cases of overweight and obesity. In the last two decades, it has been observed that children and youths are becoming victims of complications associated with overeating, with 15-25% of American children considered obese while the number keeps on growing (Tanofsky-Kraff, 2008). Worrying trends show that one in every five children is overweight and has a higher likelihood of becoming obese. By any standards, these statistics are worrying and call for action from the concerned stakeholders. The above statistics clearly reveals why overeating is considered a major public health concern. What is more worrying is the observation that overweight and obese children and teens are likely to become obese when they grow up to adults. This means that there is likelihood of having a generation of obese adults in the cause of time if nothing is done (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005). Although there are multiple sources which contributed to overweight and obesity, overeating has been singled out as the main cause of obesity in children and teens. A recent study that was carried out by World Health Organization Collaboration Center for Obesity Prevention found out that while researchers have long faulted decrease in physical activity as the main cause of obesity, increase in overeating should rather be pointed out as the main cause of obesity. For children, overeating rather than other compounding factors is the main cause of obesity (RWJF, 2010). If the above trend is anything to go by, then overeating should be a major concern for all individuals in the society and indeed, it is a call for the government to come up with measures to mitigate the effects of overeating in children. There are many social, economic, political, and media forces that have garnered to define overeating as a major social problem. Socially, the perception of overeating has been changing with time and today it is no longer perceived as a sign of wealth and excesses but rather as a social problem. Research has shown that children who are overweigh and obese are likely to be bullied or face cynicism from their peers. They are perceived to be irresponsible, which means they suffer socially. This means that overeating is no longer accepted as a social practice as it leads to overweight and obesity (Levi et al., 2008). Economically, people are becoming well off and the living standards have really improved. However researches point out that overeating is not an economic problem as it cuts across the divide, which means even children and teens living in low income areas are suffering from the problem. This means that there are more underlying economic factors, like the model of economy that lays less emphases on hard work that increases calorie consumption which has conspired to aggravate the problem. Political forces that have lead to recognition of the problem include government policies that have defined the issue. In 1994, the government took a bold step to include BED into the DSM-IV criteria which means it was already recognized as a health problem. Through the relevant organizations, the government has funded a number of programs aimed at mitigating the problem (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005). However, the most instrumental force that has shaped overeating as a social problem is the media. Now and then, the media carries out campaigns that are aimed at keeping children out of overeating. The media has been critical of multinational corporations like McDonalds which have encouraged overeating. On the other hand, media portrayal of desired body size, especially for teenage girls, forces them to engage in weight loss programs that lead to emotional binge eating. The public understanding of overeating is coming to a convergence. As has been reviewed earlier, ancient understanding of overeating was quite different from the modern understanding. There were some societies that encouraged overeating in women to give them strength to bear children while in some societies, overeating was perceived to come with health effects. Nowadays, with the increased understanding of consequence of overeating in reference to overweight and obesity, public definition of the overweight portrays it as a major psychological problem. According to DSM-IV criteria, binge eating is defined as a disorder marked by eating larger than usual amount of food in a short period of time, most specific, within a period of two hours. It is lack of control on ones eating behavior or eating that cannot be controlled (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005). In this definition, there are important values and ideologies that have are put into consideration. Most important, the definition puts in to consideration the health value in belief that while eating is good; it may come with consequential health effects. Concretely, overeating in youths and adolescent is understood as a psychological and behavioral problem that comes with grave consequences especially overweight and obesity. However, overeating is still understood in different terms by different social segments. For some parents, overeating in their children may be a sign of growth in appetite (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005). Parents understand that throughout the life span, children feeding behavior keeps on changing and therefore overeating in adolescents corresponds to nutrients needs in their body, which means they do not consider it to be a problem. However, for others, overeating is already recognized as a major health problem and hence they are doing their best to assist their children to overcome it. Prevalence patterns show that Binge Eating Disorder affects millions of people in the United States, especially youths and adolescents. However, the problem is more pronounced in females than males. In the United States, the problem affects 3.5% females compared to 2% males (Decaluwe and Braet, 2003). The problem is also more pronounced in individuals who are overweight and obese as more than 30% of individuals seeking weight reduction treatment have shown signs of BED (Decaluwe and Braet, 2003). The fact that binge eating is twice common in females than males shows that the problem is not related to caloric needs as assumed by most parents. The most devastating effect of binge eating is that it leads to health complications like overweight and obesity. Binge eating leads to increased adiposity in children and adults which increases incidence of overweight and obesity. Since the problem cuts across the social demographic divide, including wealthy people and those from low income area s, there are no social injustices which are associated with the problem. Generally, it can be recognized as a problem associated with increase in wealth, modern food processing technology, and changes in different spheres of life (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005). Social value and political ideologies have impacted differently on the way the problem is viewed. As social value keeps on changing, so has the public perception of overweight and obesity. For example, traditionally, people with big bodies who can currently be categorized obese were valued and viewed as well up. However, this has changed with the changing media perception of ideal body weight. If any, there are few individuals in the society who want to maintain big bodies (Decaluwe and Braet, 2003). This means that if overweight is being viewed negatively in the society, binge eating, which is a causative factor for overweight and obese conditions are also viewed negatively by the people. Politically, there has been less government concern on obesity and overweight until recently when the government took bold steps in face of public threat posed by overweight and obesity incidences to institute measures to deal with the problem, for example inclusion of overeating in DSM-IV (Levi et al., 2008). Overweight and obesity are tied to the political ideology of capitalism which is defining the modern society. In capitalism, individuals amass more, and indulge in culture of consumerism hence driving forward the culture of overeating (Levi et al., 2008). Overeating can be explained using different social theories. One of the recent theories that have been used to explain overeating is reversal theory which explains overeating as a response to high-tension stress (Sue et al, 1998). This theory has shown that women who engage in weight reduction program suffer from tension and stress which forces them to engage in overeating. The same model has also been expressed by psychosomatic theory which shows that emotional eating results from confusion and apprehension related to emotional states that are in turn related to hunger and satiety (Terry, 2005). Another theory that explains overeating is habituation theory which suggest that when one habituates or adjusts a to food cues, one is less likely to get satisfied and keeps on consuming food (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005). In line with this theory, social learning theory also shows that overeating is a learned behavior that is learned due to physical surrounding and interactions. Cognitive th eories have pointed out that overeating is deeply rooted in cognitive process which means it is a cognitively driven process. This means that the brain is motivated to eat more and more with no feeling of satiety (Terry, 2005). In reference to the above theories, it can be deduced that there are biological, social, and psychological causes of binge eating. In biological causes, it has been revealed that body parts and hormones like hypothalamus which control appetite may fail to send correct message for hunger and fullness and hence lead to overeating. Psychological sources have shown that depression and binge eating are closely linked to each other. The U.S Department of Health and Human Services shows that more than half of binge eaters are depressed or have suffered signs of depression in life (Levi et al., 2008). On social factors, it has been shown that social pressure adds shame on binger eaters but this only fuels their emotional eating (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005). Environme ntal factors like parental practice of use of food to conform children fuels binge eating. A causal chain that explains pathway to overeating may be constructed as follows: Ideology/Values -Social influence desired body size, peer influence -Economic influence change in working patters, convenient and fast food, less physical work -Media influence pressure on desired body size Positive influence Increased food intake due to positive influence like availability of food, eating while watching TV, and others Emotional eating Triggered by stress/depression Effects Overweight Obesity Insomnia Relationship problems Suicidal thoughts Depression and anxiety Overeating causes many health related physical, emotional, and social problems, including overweight and obesity, stress, insomnia, suicidal thoughts, and many others. Depression, anxiety, and sometimes substance abuse have been pointed out to be possible side effects of binge eating (Munsch and Beglinger, 2005). Binge eating also comes with social problems like interference relationship and career. In terms of effects and benefits, overeating can be looked from two angles, from the point of view of those who benefit and those who suffer from the problem. To start with, there are much more people who suffer from the problem than those who benefit from it. Those who suffer from the problem include individuals who are suffering the consequences of such problems like overweight and obesity, close family and relates who are related to the individual and also suffer from the problem, the government which has to incur billions of dollars in treating complications associated with the problem, and many others (Hudons et al., 2007). On the other hand, those who benefit from the problem include businesses which deal with food and others like pharmacies which sell medical supplements to deal with complications of overweight and obesity. Currently, there are many programs which are dedicated to mitigation of the problem. It is important to note that most of these programs have taken the approach of providing education to youths and adolescents on causes, effects, dangers, and ways to prevent overeating. While the government has instituted such policies as school feeding policy that encourage healthy eating, most of the programs are run by the private sector in conjunction with the government, most of them existing in their own microenvironment. Some of these programs include Focus Adolescent Services, The Center- A Place of Hope, Eating Disorder Hope, and many others. These programs have used the most accessible information dissemination media, mainly through the internet to reach as many youths and adolescents as possible.

Refusing to Be a Victim Essay

The Virginia Tech Massacre was one of the deadliest shooting incidents by a single gunman (MSNC). With a bright future ahead, Reema Samaha was an 18 year-old freshman on the campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia. Physically beautiful, excellent academic performance, proud of her Lebanese culture, future graduate of international studies and a minor in French, talented contemporary dancer, full of life, but a killer decided to end her life on April 16, 2007 (â€Å"We Remember: biographies†). She was murdered among 32 other students and staff. She was trapped in her French class with no gun with which to protect herself. Guns on campus should be allowed based on â€Å"the right to bear arms† authorized in the United States Constitution, the increasing violence on campus, the impossible mission to protect all the students by campus police, and the â€Å"Gun-Free Zone† sticker that attracts the killers. The second amend ment under the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution has protected the right of the people to keep and bear arms since 1791 (Head). It protects an individual’s right to possess and use a firearm for lawful purposes, such as self-defense. It is unlawful to bear arms to participate in a militia or to use for unlawful purposes. If somebody enters my property without invitation, it is my right, under the second amendment, to use a gun against a trespasser. One of the foundations that you acquire when you are a mother is to protect your loved ones at any cost if somebody attacks them. In the face of economic distress and the resulting risk for violence, the ability to protect oneself as allowed under the Constitution is increasingly important and must not be abridged. One example of that violence is sexual assaults on college campuses where nine occur each day. Also, there were 16 sniper victims at the University of Texas at Austin in 1966, 32 at Virginia Tech in 2007, five at Northern Illinois University in 2008, one at Virginia Tech in 2011, and three at San Jose State University in 2011 (â€Å"Infopleaseâ⠂¬ )†¦ What protection did the schools offer? The only option for the victim is to play dead or huddle under a desk hoping that the killer will not shoot them. Unfortunately, there is currently no alternative to simply hiding and praying that the bad guy will give you grace. Protecting all the students is an impossible mission for universities. Campus officials have introduced several responses to the problem of campus crime. Campus police, text  message alerts and cameras are all excellent ideas that improve responsiveness, but responsiveness is not the same as readiness. Text messages are unsuccessful, police are spread out across huge campuses and cameras have proven ineffective. Universities are open environments with indiscernible boundaries and few procedures to prevent or deal with a calamitous event. Colleges cannot guarantee protection or eliminate armed assaults. It is unrealistic to expect colleges to provide airport-like security with perimeter enforcement, metal detectors, armed guards, bag inspections and pat downs. Therefore, any institutions that cannot provide protection for their visitors must not deprive students of the ability to protect themselves. The â€Å"Free-Gun Zone† does not achieve its desired purpose. In fact, â€Å"Gun-Free Zone† sign attracts killers. Congress adopted the Gun-Free School Zones Act in 1990, prohibiting the possession of firearms in posted areas (â€Å"School Law†). Laws have never influenced criminal behavior because criminals, by their characters, do not respect laws. So a sticker on the campus doors stating â€Å"No guns allowed† is merely ironic in the face of tragedy. To the criminal, it means that this campus is a safe zone where victims are unable to protect themselves — a paradise zone for a killer! He is sure to succeed in his mission to kill with little risk to himself! The â€Å"Gun-Free Zone† sticker screams â€Å"Easy Targets Here.† One basis of opposition to guns on campus focuses on the presumed danger of young people, who are less mature, possessing guns. Some fear that during a party, a quarrel with friends could lead to use of a gun to resolve a disagreement. However, a student would be required to apply for a license in order to carry a gun, which requires a comprehensive FBI criminal background check, fingerprinting, classroom instruction and live-fire certification (â€Å"eHow†). The traini ng is designed, in part, to cause the student with a concealed weapon to be careful. Licensing is available to applicants who are 21 years of age or older, thus more mature. Another argument of opposition emphasizes the possibility of violence increasing with concealed weapons on campus, as if the mere presence of a weapon will increase violence. However, the benefit of having concealed weapons allowed on campus is proven by the fact that 26 colleges and universities, in Utah and in Colorado, a total70 campuses, currently allowing concealed carry on campus have not been a single report of shootouts, accidents or heated conflicts. In fact, rather  than causing crime as feared, Colorado State University’s crime rate has declined steadily since allowing concealed carry weapons. Allowing concealed weapons does not increase risk. To the contrary, it presents an advantage; it reduces crime and violence. Statistics and fact repudiate the fallacy that concealed weapons on campus will increase violence. In fact, guns should be permitted on campus due to the constitutional right to bear arms, growing violence on campus, the unmanageable job for the campus police to protect the students and staff, and the attractiveness of the Gun-free zone to malefactors. It should not stop there. High school teachers should be allowed to carry a weapon. As a future French teacher, I don’t want to die as a victim, but as a brave little soldier who will fight for my life and those of my students whom I would have in my charge. No one has the right to end a life of a living being for nothing. But many lives will be terminated before a policy is put in place to stop the rampage. The campus and other public places shouldn’t allow us to revoke our right as citizens to protect ourselves. Reema Ramage’s parents would have loved to see her graduate from Virginia Tech, to be there for her wedding day, to hold her first child. But, a foolish man decided to kill these dreams. Sadly, no one was allowed to stop him. Reema has the right to live. Works Cited .MSNC, â€Å"Worst U.S. shooting ever kills 33 on Va. campus.† (2007): n. page. Print. . .†Virginia Tech.† We Remember: biographies. N.p., 2007. Web. 3 Apr 2012. . .Head, Tom. â€Å"The Second Amendment.† About.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Apr 2012. . .†Time Line of Worldwide School Shootings.† Infoplease. Pearson Education, 2012. Web. 3 Apr 2012. . .†California’s Gun-Free School Zone Act .† School Law. N.p., 2012. Web. 3 Apr 2012. . . â€Å"How to Get a Permit to Carry a Concealed Weapon in Texas.† eHow. N.p., 2012. Web. 3 Apr 2012. .